Supreme Court Considers Constitutional Challenge to Preventive Health Service Coverage Under ACA

The U.S. Supreme Court recently heard arguments in a case challenging the constitutional basis of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which determines preventive health services covered without cost under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Plaintiffs argue that the appointment process of the task force members, who are appointed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services without congressional confirmation, does not comply with constitutional requirements. The case stems from concerns over religious objections to certain ACA-covered preventive services but has broader implications for preventive care coverage nationwide.

Legal experts at the hearing indicated skepticism about the argument that the task force's authority exceeds that of the Secretary of HHS or the President. However, if the Court rules against the current appointment process, it could disrupt coverage for a wide range of preventive services recommended by the task force since the ACA's implementation, including cancer screenings and infectious disease tests. Such a ruling would impact millions of Americans who benefit from cost-free preventive care.

Health policy analysts warn that a decision favoring the plaintiffs could substantially increase out-of-pocket costs for preventive services such as screenings and medications, affecting more than 150 million people with private insurance. Experts highlight that without task force recommendations being upheld, insurers might impose copayments or raise premiums, reducing access to essential preventive services that influence health outcomes and mortality.

The Supreme Court's ruling, expected by the end of June, will clarify the constitutional authority over preventive health service guidelines and influence coverage obligations under the ACA. This case underscores ongoing tensions between administrative authority, legislative frameworks, and constitutional appointments impacting health insurance regulation, compliance, and preventive care delivery in the U.S.